← All supplements
Supplements: Health
Items for health beyond athletic performance: vitamins, minerals, omega-3 and digestion. Here especially, doses run into upper safe limits rather than "the more the better".
Reviews · 20
- Vitamin A (retinol, carotenoids) C There are no sports data; excess is dangerous — chronic overdose is toxic
- Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) B Critical in a vegan diet; in athletes with adequate intake there is no effect
- Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) B Corrects the deficiency but gives no gain in endurance; high doses interfere with adaptation
- Vitamin D B Useful only in deficiency: it does not increase strength in those with adequate intake
- Vitamin E (tocopherols, tocotrienols) C An antioxidant without a proven effect on performance; the effect is not confirmed
- Vitamin K2 (menaquinones) C Potentially beneficial for bones and blood vessels, but sports outcomes have not been studied
- B-group vitamins (complex) C Important in deficiency, they do not improve performance in athletes with adequate intake
- Iron B Helps in deficiency; without deficiency it is useless and harmful
- Ginseng (Panax ginseng) C Systematic review: did not reduce markers of muscle damage after resistance exercise
- Iodine C Needed by the thyroid, but without deficiency the supplements are more likely harmful than useful
- Potassium C Does not treat cramps with potassium supplements; benefit only in dietary deficiency
- Magnesium C Needed in deficiency; it does not improve performance in those with adequate intake
- Multivitamins C Insurance against deficiency, but not a way to improve performance
- Omega-3 (EPA and DHA) B There is a health benefit, the gain in performance is weak
- Probiotics B Data are limited: a moderate reduction in the risk of respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders at high traini…
- Rhodiola rosea B The most consistently studied adaptogen, but the study results diverge
- Selenium C Deficiency is harmful, but supplements above the requirement do not improve performance and are toxic
- Tryptophan C Does not increase performance; the sports data are old and weak
- Folate (vitamin B9, folic acid) C Corrects deficiency and supports erythropoiesis, but does not improve performance
- Zinc B Deficiency reduces strength and testosterone; with adequate status there is no effect